How Oxygen is made artificially and used for Hospital: -
Oxygen is the most essential gas or chemical element. Oxygen is a gas that is colorless and found in the air. In the air, it is around 20%. Without Oxygen, life is not possible on Earth whether it's plants, animals, or humans everybody need oxygen for their survival. It’s a basic need of every living thing on Earth.
COVID-19 taught us all a lesson that never takes things that you have for granted. When a patient is COVID positive and it gets severe and patients need Oxygen for survival at that time we can’t take Oxygen directly as we generally do. For this, we need Medical Oxygen which can be supplied to a hospital through a different-different method such as Vacuum Insulated Evaporator (VIE), Oxygen Cylinders, and Oxygen Concentrators. In this second wave of COVID-19 Pandemic, many patients lost their lives due to lack of Medical Oxygen at Hospitals, which is very unfortunate. As this crisis increased governments started to take action and fulfill the required demand for Oxygen at the Hospitals. If governments took this action earlier then many innocent lives could have been saved.
Here we will talk about how Oxygen is made artificially and sent by different-different method to the Hospitals-
How Oxygen is Made Artificially: -
Oxygen which is used for Medical purposes is made by Cryogenic Distillation Technique. This method is widely used all around the world for producing Oxygen for hospitals. In this process, atmospheric air is used and separated into Oxygen and Nitrogen by the Liquefaction technique. Once this air is compressed it is further sent to a clean-up system where impurities such as Carbon-Di-Oxide, Hydrocarbon, Carbon Monoxide, and Moisture are removed from the compressed air to get pure oxygen. Now, this air is sent to a heat exchanger, where the air will be cooled down to extremely low temperatures. Now the air is passed through a high-pressure distillation column, here Oxygen is separated from Nitrogen and other gases. Oxygen is formed and collected at the top of the distillation column and sent into a low-pressure distillation column where it is further distilled as per requirement. Now, this Oxygen is used for medical purposes. Widely three methods are used to use Oxygen at the hospitals as mentioned below:
VACUUM INSULATED EVAPORATOR (VIE):
VIE is a pressure Vessel that allows the bulk storage of Cryogenic liquids like Oxygen for medical application. The main purpose of vacuum insulation is to stop heat transfer between the inner shell, which holds the liquid, and the surrounding atmosphere. Without functioning insulation there will be a catastrophic failure to the vessel due to an increase in the pressure. To avoid this kind of situation VIEs are installed with pressure safety Valves. The Vessel content must be kept at or below its critical temperature so that it remains as liquid. The critical temperature of Oxygen is -118 degrees Celsius. The liquid oxygen is evaporated into a concentrated oxygen supply. Oxygen is drawn off as per requirement through a vaporizer and turned into a gas before it is piped to individual wards. A control panel regulates the flow of the gas from the VIE before it enters the hospital's pipework.
Oxygen Cylinder
In small medical centers with a low patient capacity, oxygen is usually supplied by a manifold of multiple high-pressure cylinders. Breathing Oxygen is delivered by Oxygen Mask, Nasal Cannula, Oxygen Tent, and Hyperbaric.
Oxygen Concentrator
Oxygen Concentrator used to supply oxygen in areas where a bulk system or high-pressure cylinder manifold is not suitable. The oxygen concentrator is a medical device that assists people who have a low level of oxygen in their blood. The oxygen Concentrator is powered by plugging the device into an electrical outlet or by using a battery. When an Oxygen Concentrator receives air, it purifies the air to 90%-95% pure Oxygen and then distributes the newly formed Oxygen rich-air.
- First Oxygen Concentrator takes air from the room.
- Now Oxygen Concentrator compresses the Oxygen and extracts nitrogen from this air.
- Oxygen Concentrator will adjust the way the air is delivered.
- At last Oxygen Concentrator delivers the purified air to the patient.
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