Guidelines on Management of Monkeypox Disease issued by the Union Health Ministry of India
The Union Health Ministry on Tuesday 31st May issued guidelines regarding the management of monkeypox disease in view of the increasing number of cases reported from nonendemic countries. Monkeypox management guidelines have been published to ensure advanced preparedness throughout the country by using a proactive, risk-based approach.Furthermore, the Ministry of Health has issued guidelines for hospitals in all states to closely monitor monkeypox-infected patients who travel to countries where the disease is present. The new recommendations are intended to prepare India as more reports of cases in non-endemic countries arise. On Tuesday, the Union Health Ministry issued precise advice to states and union territories in order to prevent a monkeypox outbreak in the country. ANI claimed that, despite the fact that no cases of monkeypox have been identified in India, the Health Ministry has given extensive guidance on how to manage the condition.
The Health Ministry emphasized surveillance and quick identification of new cases as critical public health measures for outbreak containment in the 'Guidelines on Management of Monkeypox Disease' issued to states and union territories, demanding the need to decrease the risk of human-to-human transmission.
The guidelines suggested a surveillance strategy to quickly identify cases and clusters of infections, as well as their sources, in order to isolate cases and prevent further transmission, provide optimal clinical care, identify and manage contacts, and protect frontline health workers, as well as effective control and preventive measures based on the identified routes of transmission.Clinical specimens must be transmitted to the NIV Pune Apex Laboratory via the Integrated Disease Surveillance Program network, according to Health Ministry norms. The Ministry of Health has also warned hospitals in all states to keep a close eye on symptomatic patients who go to countries with monkeypox illnesses. The new rules are intended to prepare India in light of the growing number of cases reported in non-endemic nations. The guidelines go over infection prevention and control (IPC) methods, IPC at home, patient isolation and ambulance transfer tactics, additional precautions to take, and the length of isolation procedures.
During the infectious phase, contacts should be observed at least daily for the start of signs or symptoms for a period of 21 days (as defined by the case definition) after the last encounter with a patient or their contaminated materials.
Under the heading of risk communication and preventive measures, the guidelines go into greater detail about raising awareness and educating people about monkeypox virus measures such as avoiding contact with any sick person's material, isolating the infected patient from others, practicing good hand hygiene, and using appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) when caring for patients.
Monkeypox Case Category:
Monkeypox Cases are Categorized into three categories as per 'Guidelines on Management of Monkeypox Disease' issued by the Union Health Ministry –
Monkeypox Cases are Categorized into three categories as per 'Guidelines on Management of Monkeypox Disease' issued by the Union Health Ministry –
A. Suspected Case:
A person of any age who has been too impacted countries within the last 21 days and has an unexplained acute rash and one or more of the signs or symptoms listed below.- Swollen lymph nodes
- Fever
- Headache
- Body aches
- Profound weakness
B. Probable Case:
An individual who meets the case definition for a suspected case has a clinically compatible disease and is linked to an epidemic.- Face-to-face exposure, such as by healthcare professionals who do not have sufficient PPE
- Sexual contact with skin or skin lesions; Direct physical contact with skin or skin lesions;
- The presence of infected goods such as clothing, bedding, or utensils suggests a strong epidemiological relationship.
C. Confirmed Case:
A case of monkeypox virus that has been validated in the lab through the discovery of distinct viral DNA sequences using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and/or sequencing. What are the Complications Associated with Monkeypox?
- Secondary infections
- Pneumonia, sepsis, encephalitis
- Involvement of Corneal may result in eyesight loss
What are the Principles of Monkeypox Management?
The Principles of Monkeypox Management as per 'Guidelines on Management of Monkeypox Disease' issued by the Union Health Ministry are as follows–
The Principles of Monkeypox Management as per 'Guidelines on Management of Monkeypox Disease' issued by the Union Health Ministry are as follows–
- Isolation of patients
- Skin and mucous membranes that have been compromised are protected.
- Nutritional support and rehydration therapy
- Symptom reduction
- Complications are monitored and treated.
Precautions to Avoid Contracting the Monkeypox Virus:
The following are the most important precautions to take to avoid contracting the monkeypox virus:
The following are the most important precautions to take to avoid contracting the monkeypox virus:
- Patients who are infectious should be separated from others who are at risk of becoming infected.
- Avoid touching any materials that have come into contact with a Monkeypox patient, such as bedding.
- After coming into contact with an infected person, wash your hands thoroughly. Washing your hands with soap and water or using an alcohol-based hand sanitizer are two examples.
- When caring for patients, wear masks and gloves.
What are the Procedures for the clinical specimen collection for Monkeypox?
Procedures for the clinical specimen collection for Monkeypox as per 'Guidelines on Management of Monkeypox Disease' issued by the Union Health Ministry are as follows –
Procedures for the clinical specimen collection for Monkeypox as per 'Guidelines on Management of Monkeypox Disease' issued by the Union Health Ministry are as follows –
- Nasopharyngeal and Oropharyngeal swabs in screw-capped plain tubes
- Venous Blood Collection in SSGT and EDTA tubes.
- Urine sample collection in the screw-capped sterile urine container.
- Lesion roof, base scrapping, fluid, and crust/scab collection (collect from multiple sites).
Monkeypox Cases:
Monkeypox is also endemic in Cameroon, the Central African Republic, Cote d'Ivoire, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Gabon, Liberia, Nigeria, the Republic of the Congo, and Sierra Leone. Cases have been documented in non-endemic countries such as the United States, the United Kingdom, Belgium, France, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Australia, Canada, Austria, Israel, and Switzerland, among others.
According to the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control, more than a dozen countries, predominantly in Europe, have reported at least one confirmed case (ECDC). The United Kingdom, where monkeypox was first found in early May, has the most confirmed cases (71), followed by Spain (51), and Portugal (37). Outside of Europe, there are 15 instances of monkeypox in Canada and nine in the US.
Monkeypox is also endemic in Cameroon, the Central African Republic, Cote d'Ivoire, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Gabon, Liberia, Nigeria, the Republic of the Congo, and Sierra Leone. Cases have been documented in non-endemic countries such as the United States, the United Kingdom, Belgium, France, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Australia, Canada, Austria, Israel, and Switzerland, among others.
According to the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control, more than a dozen countries, predominantly in Europe, have reported at least one confirmed case (ECDC). The United Kingdom, where monkeypox was first found in early May, has the most confirmed cases (71), followed by Spain (51), and Portugal (37). Outside of Europe, there are 15 instances of monkeypox in Canada and nine in the US.
Monkeypox Disease Union Health Ministry of India NIV Pune Apex Laboratory infection prevention and control SSGT and EDTA tubes Monkeypox Case Monkeypox Complications Monkeypox Management Guideline Precautions to Avoid Monkeypox Virus Nasopharyngeal Swabs Oropharyngeal swabs Lesion roof base scrapping fluid crust/scab collection Monkeypox endemic disease
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